Resolving conflicts betwixt workers is also a leadership job. Adept managers atomic number 82 by case. This is particularly important when leading a team. Showing respect to others, honesty, loyalty, courtesy, and a stiff work ethic can have a positive upshot on employees. Managers who bear witness motivation, initiative, cooperation, and punctuality demonstrate to employees the importance of each person�s contribution.
Controlling
Controlling involves measuring how the business organisation performs to ensure that financial and operational goals are met. Controlling the operation means keeping the company on rail and making sure goals are met. Managers go along track of the budget, the schedule, and the quality of the products or services they provide.
They also monitor their employees and review their performance according to standards. Taking corrective action when goals are not met is some other management task. Controlling also involves monitoring customer satisfaction. Your marketing director can measure the success of your comic book by studying sales figures and reviews. You lot might find out your comic book sold well in certain parts of the country but sold poorly in others. If you comic volume is more popular with adults than children, you might want to develop a new marketing plan.
A challenge for many managers, particularly in pocket-sized businesses, is dealing with multiple objectives, each at a unlike functional level. For example, suppose your company�s managing director discusses plans to produce a new comic book with the marketing and production teams. The manager directs the marketing team to research the national and global markets for comic books. The manager besides tells the production team to gear up to produce the new product.
Vocabulary
to create � ���������; ���������, �����������
to hire � ��������
to train � �������
to fire � ��������� � ������ (� ���������)
tool � ����������; ������������; ������, ��������
to require � ���������
to fulfill � ���������; ������, ���������, ������������, ���������
to inspire � ������������, �����������
to set a standard � ������������� �������� / �����
to enforce � ������������, ��������� � ����������
to provide feedback � ������������ �������� �����
contribution � �����, �����
to keep rails of smth. � ������� �� ���-�.
performance � ����������; ������; ������������������; ���������� ������������
customer � ������, �����������
team � �������, ������
1. Write the transcription of the words and train their pronunciation.
create strategy equipment require
guide guidance inspire enforce
policy contribution ensure budget
quality schedule measure out talk over
2. Form derivatives of the following words and translate them into Russian. Memorize the words and employ ane from each group in a sentence of your own.
Case: different (���������, ������, ������, ����) → divergence (�������, �������, ��������) → to differ (����������, �����������) → differential (������� � ������ �����) → differently (��-�������, �����; ��������, ��-�������) → differentia (������������� ��������, ������������� ������� ���� ��� ������) → differentiate (���������, ��������� ��������; ����������������)
to create, orderly, functional, to train, guidance, fulfill, to inspire, respect, to mensurate, to contribute.
plete the table.
Verb | Noun |
to cooperate | cooperation |
to focus | |
| grooming |
to guide | |
to solve | |
| beast |
| initiative |
to consul | |
| inspiration |
to monitor | |
to accomplish | |
| coordination |
to discuss | |
| enforcement |
to inquiry | |
| development |
to require | |
| motivation |
| success |
to manage | |
iv. Translate the following words and give-and-take combinations .
1) ������������ �������� �����������; 2) ��������� ��������� �����������; 3) ���������� (���������) ���������� ����������� ��������; four) ��������� �� ������ � ������� ����������; five) ���������� � ���������������� ����������; 6) ���������� ��������� ���� �����������; 7) ���������� (�������������) ���������; 8) ������������ (����������) ����������; ix) ��������������� ���������; x) ����������; xi) ������� ���������� � ����� (������ � �����, �������� ����������); 12) ���������������� ������������� ������������ (���� �� ����� ���������); 13) �������������� �������; 14) ������� ���������� � ������� �����; 15) �������� � ������� ����� �������.
5. Fill in prepositions or particle to where necessary and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Most managers carry � 4 different functions � management: planning, organizing and staffing, leading, and controlling.
2. Some managers may primarily focus � one or two � them.
3. Planning involves figuring � the resources.
iv. Managers are responsible � making sure employees have all the tools they demand � do their jobs well.
5. Skilful direction also requires � skillful leadership
6. You accept � create a vision � the company � inspire your employees.
seven. Managers also have � delegate � work.
8. A challenge � many managers, particularly � small-scale businesses, is dealing � multiple objectives, each � a different functional level.
6. Read the text over again and reply the questions on information technology.
one. How many functions do managers carry out? What are they?
2. What does planning involve?
three. What does a manager do while carrying out his organizing role?
4. What types of activities does leading involve?
5. What is the function of decision-making?
seven. The word motivation (syn.: incentive, motive) has the following equivalents in Russian: ������������� ������ , ����� , ������ ( �� , ��� ��������� �������� � �������� ).
� ) Match the phrases from column A with their Russian equivalents in cavalcade B.
A B
1. to keep up motivation �. ������������� ���������
ii. homo motivation b. ��������� ����� � �������
(������������� ������� ��-
������� � ��������� ���
��������� �����������)
three. source of motivation c. ���������� ���������
four. secondary motivation d. ������� ���������
5. chief motivation e. �������� ���������
6. intrinsic (internal) motivation f. ������������ ���������
vii. personal motivation g. ��������� ���������
8. motivation intensity h. ��������� ���������
9. employee motivation i. ������������ ���������
10. team motivation j. ���������� ���������,
������ �����, ����� �������
���������
11. carrot and stick motivation k. ��������� ���������
12. motivation pattern l. �������������� ������
(�������, ����������)
13. extrinsic (external) motivation m. ��������� ���������� (�����)
� ) Apply seven discussion combinations from cavalcade A in sentences of your own.
Example: People who are intrinsically motivated piece of work on tasks because they find them enjoyable.
viii. The discussion planning has the post-obit equivalents in Russian : ������������, ��������������, ����������� ����� (�������, ���������); ���������� ������ ������������ ����������� (���� �� ������� �����������).
� ) Match the phrases from column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.
� �
1. planning of objectives a. ������ ������������
2. planning authority b. ������������ �������
3. planning process c. ������������������
������������
4. planning committee d. ������������ �����
5. business concern planning e. ���� ������������
6. planning grouping f. ������������ � ����-
�������� ��������
7. planning of profit k. ������� ������������
8. planning sequence h. ������� ������������
ix. planning phase i. ������� ������������
x. production planning j. ���������� �� �����-
�������
11. planning annotator g. ������ ������������
12. planning under uncertainty fifty. ������� �� ������������
13. planning nether dynamic chiliad. ������� ������������
conditions
xiv. planning wheel north. �������� �������
15. planning expanse o. ������� ������������
16. planning arrangement p. ������������ � ��������
����������������
17. planning estimates q. ��������� ������ �
������������
18. planning function r. ���� ������������
19. planning flow s. ������������ ������������
20. inaccurate planning t. ������-������������
(����������� ������-�����)
� ) Use x word combinations from column A in sentences of your own.
9. Make full in the tabular array with major functions of management given in the box.
to influence employees, to motivate, to evaluate performance, to coordinate resources, to set objectives, to solve problems, to set standards of work, to obtain resources, to guide people, to resolve conflicts, to make long-term plans, to monitor customer satisfaction, to cut the staffing, to prove respect to others, authentic planning, carrot and stick motivation, to review performance, to delegate work, to inspire employees
Planning | Organizing and Staffing | Leading | Decision-making |
| | to show respect to others | |
| | | |
10. Make upwardly a dialogue discussing the functions of management and their significance.
UNIT 3. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Forms of Business concern Organization
Sole Proprietorship
At that place are iii principal forms of business organization organisation: the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation.
The simplest form of business system is the sole proprietor�send, which is owned by ane person. Many small businesses get-go out as sole proprietorships. The possessor has relatively unlimited command over the business and keeps all the profits. These firms are usually owned past one person who has mean solar day-to-day responsibility for running the business. Sole proprietors ain all the assets of the business concern and the profits gener�ated by it. They also have complete responsibility for any of its liabili�ties or debts. In case of breach of contract the business property and personal assets of the owner may be taken to pay judgments for dam�ages awarded by courts.
Sole proprietorships are the about numerous grade of concern orga�nization. No charter and allow are needed and at that place are no particular legal requirements for organizing or conducting a sole proprietorship. When started, many sole proprietorships are conducted out of the owner's home, garage, or van and inventory may exist limited and may of�ten be purchased on credit.
Advantages of a sole proprietorship
1. Easiest and least expensive form of ownership to organize.
2. Sole proprietors are in complete control of business organization, and within the law, may make whatever decisions.
3. Sole proprietors receive all income from the business to go along or reinvest.
4. Profits from the business organization flow-through directly to the owner's personal taxation return.
5. The concern is easy to deliquesce, if desired.
Disadvantages of a sole proprietorship
i. Sole proprietors have unlimited liability and are legally respon�sible for all debts against the business. Their business and personal equally�sets are at take a chance.
2. Sole proprietors may be at a disadvantage in raising funds and are often limited to using funds from personal savings.
three. Sole proprietors may have a hard time attracting high-caliber employees, or those that are motivated by the opportunity to own a part of the business.
Main Features of a Sole Proprietorship:
(+) Like shooting fish in a barrel to organize
(+) Owner has complete command
(+) Possessor receives all income
(-) Owner has unlimited liability
(-) Benefits are not business deductions
Vocabulary
feature � �����������
sole proprietorship � ����������� �������� ��������
owner � ��������; �����������, ������
unlimited liability � �������������� ���������������
income � �����
benefit � ������, �������
deductions � ����������
advantage � ������������
disadvantage � ����������, ����������
to run a business � ����� ����, ��������� ������������
inside the law assets � � ������ ������
liabilities � ��������, �����, ������, ���������
debt [det] � �����, �������� �������������, ����
breach of contract � ��������� ���������
to offset out � �������� ���������������� ������������
legal requirements � �������� �����������
inventory � �����������-���������������� ������
charter � ��������, ����������� �������� ��������
let � ����������
to enhance funds � ���������� �����, ������������ ��������
personal tax return � ������ ��������� ����������
1. Answer the questions on the text.
1. What are the three primary forms of business system?
ii. What is a sole proprietorship?
iii. What are the advantages of sole proprietor�transport?
4. What are the disadvantages of sole proprietorship?
5. What are the main positive and negative features of a sole proprietorship?
two. Read and translate the following sentences. Brand them agile, adding a field of study if necessary.
one. The sole proprietor�ship is endemic by one person.
2. In instance of breach of contract the business belongings and personal avails of the owner may be taken to pay judgments for dam�ages awarded by courts.
3. No lease and permit are needed.
four. Sole proprietors are oft limited to using funds from personal savings.
5. Employees are motivated by the opportunity to own a part of the business.
6. Many sole proprietorships are conducted out of the owner'south home, garage, or van.
7. Inventory may be limited and may of�x be purchased on credit.
three. Read and translate. Make the following sentences passive.
1. Many small businesses first out every bit sole proprietorships.
2. The owner keeps all the profits of the business.
3. Sole proprietors own all the assets of the concern and the profits gener�ated by it.
4. Sole proprietor, and within the police, may make whatsoever decisions.
five. Sole proprietors receive all income from the business to proceed or reinvest.
6. The business organisation is easy to dissolve.
4. Fill up in the appropriate words given below. Interpret.
Sole proprietorship, employer identification number, seizing, alienation of contract, insurance, limited liability corporation, personal Social Security number, liability, business concern, employees, ends, the Internal Revenue Service, incorporation
A � is the easiest grade of � to begin by a single *****les for sole proprietorships exercise not permit �. Considering the business is unincorporated and also is non a..., the personal assets of the sole proprietor and the business assets are ane and the same for � purposes. Adequate � or other protection is important because claims against the business could result in � of a dwelling house. Some other remedy for � can be "damages" or compensation of money. Sole proprietors must file various tax forms with � and pay whatever taxes due. The sole proprietor does not file taxes nether an � similar other businesses do but rather nether his �. Death is an area where a sole proprietorship may be definition, a sole proprietorship � with the proprietor'south expiry. The business is sold to a new owner or is reorganized into another class, such every bit �.
5. Translate the following text into English.
�������������� ����������� � �������� ������� ����� ������� ������� � ���. ��� ������ ������, ��� �������, ��������������� ������ ����������� ������ ���������. �������� ���������� ���� ����� ����������� � �������������� ��������������� ����������, ������� �������� �� ����� ����������� ���� ����� ����������. �������� �������� �� ����������. ������ ���������� ���������� �������� ����������� �������. ��� ������ ��������������� ����������� ������������� ��������� �������� ��� ���������. � ������ ������ ��� ���������������� ��������� ���������� �������������� �������� ��������.
6. Read the text once more and write a short essay on: Sole Proprietorships, their advantages and disadvantages, using some additional information.
Partnership
In a partnership, two or more people share buying of a single business. Similar proprietorships, the law does non distinguish betwixt the business and its owners. The partners should have a legal agree�ment that sets forth how decisions will exist made, profits will be shared, disputes will exist resolved, how time to come partners will be admitted to the partnership, how partners can be bought out, or what steps will be taken to dissolve the partnership when needed.
Many partnerships dissever up at crisis times. They also must make up one's mind upwards front how much time and majuscule each will contribute, etc.
Advantages of a partnership
1. Partnerships are relatively easy to found; all the same partners should develop the partnership agreement.
two. With more than 1 owner, the power to heighten funds may be in�creased.
iii. The profits from the concern flow direct through to the part�ners' personal tax returns.
4. Prospective employees may be attracted to the business if given the incentive to become a partner.
5. The business usually will do good from partners who accept complementary work skills.
Disadvantages of a partnership
1. Partners are jointly and individually liable for the deportment of the other partners.
2. Profits must exist shared with others.
3. Since decisions are shared, disagreements can occur.
iv. The partnership may take a limited life; it may stop upon the withdrawal or death of a partner. There exist different types of partnerships:
1. General partnership
Partners dissever responsibility for management and liability, as well as the shares of profit or loss according to their internal agreement. Equal shares are causeless unless in that location is a written agreement that states differently.
2. Limited partnership and partnership with express liability "Limited" means that most of the partners have limited liability (to the extent of their investment) also as limited management decisions, which generally encourages investors for brusque term pro�jects, or for investing in upper-case letter assets. This form of ownership is not often used for operating retail or service businesses. Forming a lim�ited partnership is more complex and formal than that of a general partnership.
3. Joint venture
Joint venture acts like a general partnership, but it is formed for a limited menses of time or a unmarried project. If the partners in a joint ven�ture repeat the activity, they will be recognized as a continuing part�nership and distribute accumulated partnership assets upon dissolution of the entity.
Main Features of a partnership:
(+) Easy to organize, but needs agreement
(+) Partners receive all income
(-) Partners have unlimited liability
(-) Partners may disagree
(-) Life of business may be limited
Vocabulary
partnership � ������������, ����������� (����������������� �����, ������� ������� � ������� ���������� ��� ���� ��� �����)
general partnership � �������� � �������������� ����������������
limited partnership � ������������ � ������������ ����������������
to distinguish � ���������, ��������� ��������
to set forth � ��������, �������������
legal understanding � ����������� ����������
complementary � ����������, ��������������
capital assets � one) �������� ����� (������, ������, ����������, ������������ � �. �.); two) ��������� ��������
retail � ��������� �������
to the extent of � �� �������, � ��������
share � ����, �����; �����; �����
withdrawal � ����
joint venture � ���������� �����������
to dissolve the partnership � ������������, ���������� �����������
dissolution of the entity � ���������� �������������� �������
i . Reply the questions on the text:
one. What is a partnership?
2. What is the difference between the limited partnership and general partnership?
3. What are the advantages of partnership?
iv. What are the disadvantages of partnership?
five. What is a joint venture?
half-dozen. What should partners have to be able to run their business?
2. Guess what is meant by the following:
1. A negotiated and typically legally binding organization between parties every bit to a form of action.
2. A business or business firm endemic and run by two or more partners.
3. Property owned by a person or company that is purchased for long-term use and is non likely to be converted quickly into cash, such as land, buildings, and equipment.
4. An association of persons who are all personally liable for any legal actions and debts the company may face.
5. The maximum amount a person participating in a business concern can lose or be charged in instance of claims against the company or its bankruptcy.
six. An clan of two or more individuals or companies engaged in a lonely business enterprise for profit without actual partnership or incorporation.
vii. A thing that motivates or encourages one to do something.
8. A special blazon of partnership which is very common when people need funding for a business concern, or when they are putting together an investment in a real estate development.
9. The sale of goods to the public in relatively pocket-sized quantities for apply or consumption rather than for resale.
10. One of the equal parts into which a company's capital is divided, entitling the holder to a proportion of the profits.
xi. The closing down or dismissal of an associates, partnership, or official body.
3. Find in the text sentences containing the following Participles and translate them into Russian in writing.
1. � employees � if given the incentive�
two. � a written understanding�
3. �limited direction decisions �
4. � a continuing partnership�
5. �accumulated partnership assets �
iv. Translate the phrases into English and compose sentences with them.
1. �������, ����������� ����������; ��������, ����������� �������;
2. ������, �������������� ����� ��������������; ������������, ����������� ���������������;
3. ����, ��������������� ����������; ��������, ��������������� ����;
4. ����������, ������������ � ������; ������, ������������ �����������;
five. ������������ ���������������; ���������� �������, �������������� ���������������;
6. ����������� ��������; ��������, ������������� ��������.
5. Fill in with the appropriate words given beneath. Translate.
Partnership, investments, business, equal responsibleness, debts and liabilities, general partners, share, management, revenue enhancement payments, debts, limited partners, profits and losses, income taxes, income and deductions, private tax return
A � is a blazon of unincorporated business arrangement in which multiple individuals, called �, manage the � and are every bit liable for its�. Other individuals, called �, may invest just not exist directly involved in � and are liable only to the extent of their �. Different a Limited Liability Company or a corporation, in a partnership each partner shares � for the company's �, and its �. The partnership itself does not pay �, simply each partner has to report their � of business profits or losses on their �. Estimated � are also necessary for each of the partners for the yr in progress. Partnerships must file a render on Course 1065 showing �. Estimated tax payments are also required if they expect their income to be greater than $1,000.
6. Translate the following text into English.
������������ � ��� ��������������-�������� �����, ��� ������� �������� ������� ��� ��� ����� ���������. ��� ���� ����������� ��������� � ����� ������� ������������� ����������. ���� ������� ������������ ������ �� ������� ��� ������ � �������� ���� �����������, ������ �������� ������������ ���������� ��������������, �� �� ���� ��������, �������������� �������. ������������� ������ ������������ � ������������ ���������������� �������� ��, ��� � ������� �� �������� ����������� ��������� �� ������ ������ ����������� �������� ������ ����� ����� ������. ������ ��������� �������� ����������������. ��� ��������� ������������ �������� (����������) ������� �� �������������� ������ � ������-����������. ��� ���� ������ ����� ��������������� ����� ������������ ���� ����� ����������, � ������ � ������ � �������� ������, ���� ������ ����������� � ����������. ����� ��������, ��� ������������ �������� ����������� ������ ��� ������ ����� �������, �������� ��� ���, ������� ������� ����� ��������� �������, ������� ������ ��������� �� ������� ��� �� ������.
seven. Read the text once more and write a short essay on: Partnerships, their types, their advantages and disadvantages, using some additional information.
Corporation
A corporation is chartered by the country in which it has headquar�ters. It is considered by constabulary to be a unique entity, separate and apart from those who own it. A corporation can be taxed; it can be sued; information technology can enter into contractual agreements. The owners of a corporation are its shareholders. The shareholders elect a board of directors to oversee the major policies and decisions. The corporation has a life of its own and does not deliquesce when buying changes.
Advantages of a Corporation
1. Shareholders accept limited liability for the corporation'southward debts or judgments against the corporations.
2. Generally, shareholders can simply be held accountable for their investment in stock of the company. (Note however, that offi�cers can exist held personally liable for their actions, such equally the failure to withhold and pay employment taxes.)
3. Corporations can enhance additional funds through the sale of stock.
Disadvantages of a Corporation
one. The process of incorporation requires more time and money than other forms of organization.
2. Corporations are monitored past federal, state and some local agencies, and as a effect may have more than paperwork to comply with regulations.
3. Incorporating may result in college overall taxes. Dividends paid to shareholders are not deductible class concern income, thus this income tin can be taxed twice.
Master features a Corporation:
(+) Shareholders have express liability
(+) Can raise funds through sale of stock
(+) Life of business is unlimited (continuity of life)
(-) To incorporate a firm takes time and money
(-) May result in higher overall taxes
Vocabulary
incorporation � ane) �����������, ����������;
2) ����������� ����������
entity � �����������
headquarters � ������� ��������� (�����)
to be sued � �������������� � �������� �������
shareholders � ���������, �������, ��������� �����
stock � �����
contractual agreement � ��������, �������
to oversee � ���������, �������
| �� �� �������� ������ ���� �������� �������� �� ���������� ���������: ane two 3 4 5 6 7 |
0 Response to "Section 2 Chapter 7 Guided Reading and Review Forms of Government Answers"
Post a Comment